Xerostomia is the dental term for dry mouth. A decreased amount of saliva in your salivary glands it's typically a temporary condition but for some patients, can be chronic. Xerostomia can lead to other oral health issues and dental complications.
What causes dry mouth?
Most patients experience dry mouth at some point in their life but most of the time, it is temporary and goes away on its own with modifications to behaviors, treatments, or medications. Patients with chronic dry mouth may have damage to the salivary glands. Dry mouth can also be a symptom of other health issues so if you have chronic dry mouth for more than one week, it is important to see your dentist to determine the cause.
Some factors that may cause dry mouth include:
- Dehydration
- Open mouth breathing
- Use of tobacco, alcohol, or recreational drugs
- Stress or anxiety
- Cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation
- HIV and aids
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune disorders
- Neurological issues
How can xerostomia affect oral health?
Chronic dry mouth can cause a number of oral health issues aside from being incredibly uncomfortable. Plaque and bacteria can build up quickly along the gum line making you more susceptible to bad breath, tooth decay, and gum disease, including peri-implantitis around dental implants.
Insufficient saliva can also weaken enamel and make certain dental prosthesis hard to wear. Additionally, it can interfere with your ability to taste foods and make the digestion process more difficult. Dry mouth may lead to mouth sores and oral thrush. Patients with chronic dry mouth are also prone to a condition called “burning mouth syndrome”, which is as uncomfortable as it sounds.
Saliva has a purpose and is important for our overall health. Saliva begins the digestion process when we chew, it helps wash away bacteria and food particles from our teeth, and it even neutralizes acids and bacteria in food that could otherwise be harmful.
Can I prevent dry mouth?
It is no surprise that good oral hygiene will help tremendously to keep your teeth healthy. This means brushing at least twice a day with a soft bristled toothbrush and flossing at least once a day. Oral care products that include fluoride can help protect teeth from dry mouth damage. You may also consider incorporating an antimicrobial mouthwash to your regular oral care routine.
And of course, make sure to see your dentist at least twice a year. Professional cleanings are sometimes the only way to properly remove plaque and tartar buildup around the gumline and even below the gum line in our gum pockets. Your dentist and hygienist will be able to provide other products specifically designed to combat dry mouth. If you experience dry mouth for longer than a week and it is not going away, speak with your dentist to prevent any possible damage to your oral health.